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Leonardo Sciascia (; January 8, 1921 – November 20, 1989) was an Italian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright and politician. Some of his works have been made into films, including ''Open Doors'' (1990) and ''Il giorno della civetta'' (1968). == Biography == Sciascia was born in Racalmuto, Sicily. In 1935 his family moved to Caltanissetta; here Sciascia studied under Vitaliano Brancati, who would become his model in writing and introduce him to French novelists. From Giuseppe Granata, future Communist member of the Italian Senate, he learned about the French Enlightenment and American literature. In 1944 he married Maria Andronico, an elementary school teacher in Racalmuto. In 1948 his brother committed suicide, an event which had a profound impact on Sciascia. Sciascia's first work, ''Favole della dittatura'' (“Fables of the Dictatorship”), a satire on fascism, was published in 1950 and included 27 short poems.〔(Leonardo Sciascia ), Encyclopædia Britannica〕 This was followed in 1952 by ''La Sicilia, il suo cuore'', also a poetry collection, illustrated by Emilio Greco. The following year Sciascia won the Premio Pirandello, awarded by the Sicilian Region, for his essay "Pirandello e il pirandellismo." In 1954 he began collaborating with literature and ethnology magazines published by Salvatore Sciascia in Caltanissetta. In 1956 he published ''Le parrocchie di Regalpetra'', an autobiographic novel inspired by his experience as an elementary school teacher in his home town. In the same year he moved to teach in Caltanissetta, only to move again to Rome in 1957. In the autumn of that year he published ''Gli zii di Sicilia'', including sharp views about themes such as the influence of the US and of communism in the world, and the 19th century unification of Italy. After one year in Rome, Sciascia moved back to Caltanissetta, in Sicily. In 1961 he published the mystery ''Il giorno della civetta'' (''The Day of the Owl''), one of his most famous novels, and in 1963, the historical novel ''Il consiglio d'Egitto'' (''The Council of Egypt''), set in 18th-century Palermo. After a series of essays, in 1965 he wrote the play ''L'onorevole'' (''The Honorable''), a denunciation of the complicities between government and mafia. Another political mystery novel is 1966's ''A ciascuno il suo'' (''To Each His Own''). The following year Sciascia moved to Palermo. In 1969 he began a collaboration with ''Il Corriere della Sera''. That same year he published the play ''Recitazione della controversia liparitana dedicata ad A.D.'', dedicated to Alexander Dubček. In 1971 Sciascia returned again to mystery with ''Il contesto'' (''The Challenge''), which inspired Francesco Rosi's movie ''Cadaveri eccellenti'' (1976). The novel created polemics due to its merciless portrait of Italian politics. Same was the fate of ''Todo modo'', in this case due to its description of Italian Catholic clergy. At the 1975 communal elections in Palermo, Sciascia ran as an independent within the Italian Communist Party (PCI) slate, and was elected to the city council. In the same year he published ''La scomparsa di Majorana'', dealing with the mysterious disappearance of scientist Ettore Majorana. In 1977 he resigned from PCI, due to his opposition to any dealing with the Christian Democratic party. Later he would be elected to the Italian and European Parliament with the Radical Party. Sciascia last works include the essay collection ''Cronachette'' (1985), the novels ''Porte aperte'' (1987) and ''Il cavaliere e la morte'' (1988). He died in June 1989 at Palermo. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonardo Sciascia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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